Abstract
This review highlights a decade of research performed at The University of Iowa with deaf talkers. The experimental findings suggest that absence of audition precludes talkers from developing typical articulatory organizational strategies, and affects their abilities to produce specific speech events. For instance, deaf talkers may not organize their articulatory behavior such that movement occurs continuously from one open posture to the next, and they may shorten their open posture steady-states. These deficits have predictable consequences for intelligibility. The data help illuminate the roles of audition in acquiring and maintaining speech; five roles are considered here.

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