Abstract
Difference limen for frequency modulation extent was studied using the synthesized vowel /a/ with modulation rates of 5 and 7 Hz and a base frequency of 130 Hz. Results of paired-comparisons by 50 listeners revealed that DL defined as the 75% correct response level was about .3 semitones for both modulation rates. The implications of the finding are discussed in relation to singers' ability to control vibrato rates and extents and their variability.

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