Explanations of the equations appearing in the text, Principles of Voice Production, are organized by chapter. (Note: these pages are currently under revision. Please check back soon!)

Chapter 2: Biomechanics of Laryngeal Tissue

Chapter 3: Fluid Flow in Respiratory Airways

Chapter 4: Vocal Fold Oscillation

Chapter 5: Generation and Propagation of Sound

Chapter 6: The Source-Filter Theory of Vowels

Chapter 7: Voice Classification and Life-Span Changes

Chapter 8: Control of Fundamental Frequency

Chapter 9: Control of Vocal Intensity and Efficiency

Chapter 10: Vocal Registers

Chapter 11: Fluctuations and Perturbations

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